在 Debian 11/Debian 10 上安装 Asterisk 18 LTS
你好,我们的好人们!在本指南中,我们将重点介绍在 Debian 11/Debian 10 上安装 Asterisk 18 LTS。Asterisk 是一个开源且免费使用的 PBX 系统,具有许多有用的功能,这些功能大多在商业 PBX 系统中提供。 Asterisk 被世界各地不同类型的组织使用。以下是 Asterisk PBX 系统附带的标准功能:
- 电话会议
- 通话监控
- 通话录音
- 分布式通用号码发现
- 短信
- 集群
- 转码
- 语音信箱
- 呼叫等待中的来电显示
- 直接向内系统访问
- 呼叫停车
- 保留音乐
- 转移音乐
- 来电显示拦截
- 数据库存储/检索
- 直接向内系统访问
- 自动服务员
- 黑名单
- 通话详细记录
- 遇忙呼叫转移
- 无应答时呼叫转移
- 呼叫转移变量
- 呼叫监听
- 在许多其他功能中
我们将通过从源代码构建软件来在 Debian 11/Debian 10 上安装 Asterisk 18 LTS。操作系统上游存储库中可用的星号包的默认版本有点旧,通过运行以下命令可以看出:
$ sudo apt update
$ apt policy asterisk
# Debian 11
asterisk:
Installed: (none)
Candidate: 1:16.16.1~dfsg-1+deb11u1
Version table:
1:16.16.1~dfsg-1+deb11u1 500
500 http://security.debian.org/debian-security bullseye-security/main amd64 Packages
1:16.16.1~dfsg-1 500
500 http://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye/main amd64 Packages
# Debian 10
$ apt policy asterisk
asterisk:
Installed: (none)
Candidate: 1:16.2.1~dfsg-1+deb10u2
Version table:
1:16.2.1~dfsg-1+deb10u2 500
500 http://deb.debian.org/debian buster/main amd64 Packages
从输出中可以看出,Debian 10 上的 Asterisk 版本低于 Debian 11 中的版本。
第1步:更新系统包
确保系统中的所有软件包均已更新,然后才能在 Debian 11/Debian 10 上安装 Asterisk 18 LTS。
sudo apt update
sudo apt full-upgrade -y
如果需要,您可以在成功升级后执行系统电源循环。
[ -f /var/run/reboot-required ] && sudo reboot -f
步骤 2:安装 Asterisk 18 LTS 构建依赖项
既然我们正在建设
sudo apt -y install build-essential git curl wget libnewt-dev libssl-dev libncurses5-dev subversion libsqlite3-dev libjansson-dev libxml2-dev uuid-dev default-libmysqlclient-dev
验证 GCC 和 CMAKE 是否已安装并在我们的本地系统上运行
$ make --version
GNU Make 4.3
Built for x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
Copyright (C) 1988-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
debian@debian-bullseye-01:~$
debian@debian-bullseye-01:~$ gcc --version
gcc (Debian 10.2.1-6) 10.2.1 20210110
Copyright (C) 2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
$ gcc --version
gcc (Debian 10.2.1-6) 10.2.1 20210110
Copyright (C) 2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
第 3 步:下载 Asterisk 18 LTS tarball
下载最新版本
cd /usr/src/
sudo curl -O http://downloads.asterisk.org/pub/telephony/asterisk/asterisk-18-current.tar.gz
下载后解压 Asterisk 18 tarball:
sudo tar xvf asterisk-18-current.tar.gz
cd asterisk-18*/
通过运行以下命令将 mp3 解码器库下载到源代码树中:
$ sudo contrib/scripts/get_mp3_source.sh
A addons/mp3
A addons/mp3/MPGLIB_README
A addons/mp3/common.c
A addons/mp3/huffman.h
A addons/mp3/tabinit.c
A addons/mp3/Makefile
A addons/mp3/README
A addons/mp3/decode_i386.c
A addons/mp3/dct64_i386.c
A addons/mp3/MPGLIB_TODO
A addons/mp3/mpg123.h
A addons/mp3/layer3.c
A addons/mp3/mpglib.h
A addons/mp3/decode_ntom.c
A addons/mp3/interface.c
Exported revision 202.
使用 install_prereq 脚本确认所有依赖项均已安装。
sudo contrib/scripts/install_prereq install
安装成功的消息输出:
....
Setting up odbcinst (2.3.6-0.1+b1) ...
Setting up odbcinst1debian2:amd64 (2.3.6-0.1+b1) ...
Setting up unixodbc-dev:amd64 (2.3.6-0.1+b1) ...
Processing triggers for initramfs-tools (0.140) ...
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-5.10.0-8-amd64
Processing triggers for libglib2.0-0:amd64 (2.66.8-1) ...
No schema files found: doing nothing.
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.31-13) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.9.4-2) ...
Setting up libgmime-3.0-dev:amd64 (3.2.7-1) ...
#############################################
## install completed successfully
#############################################
步骤 4:在 Debian 11/Debian 10 上构建并安装 Asterisk 18 LTS
安装依赖项后,我们就可以开始构建和安装
运行配置脚本以满足构建依赖关系。
sudo ./configure
成功执行的输出示例:
.....
configure: creating ./config.status
config.status: creating makeopts
config.status: creating autoconfig.h
configure: Menuselect build configuration successfully completed
.$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$=..
.$7$7.. .7$$7:.
.$$:. ,$7.7
.$7. 7$$$$ .$$77
..$$. $$$$$ .$$$7
..7$ .?. $$$$$ .?. 7$$$.
$.$. .$$$7. $$$$7 .7$$$. .$$$.
.777. .$$$$$$77$$$77$$$$$7. $$$,
$$$~ .7$$$$$$$$$$$$$7. .$$$.
.$$7 .7$$$$$$$7: ?$$$.
$$$ ?7$$$$$$$$$$I .$$$7
$$$ .7$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ :$$$.
$$$ $$$$$$7$$$$$$$$$$$$ .$$$.
$$$ $$$ 7$$$7 .$$$ .$$$.
$$$$ $$$$7 .$$$.
7$$$7 7$$$$ 7$$$
$$$$$ $$$
$$$$7. $$ (TM)
$$$$$$$. .7$$$$$$ $$
$$$$$$$$$$$$7$$$$$$$$$.$$$$$$
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$.
configure: Package configured for:
configure: OS type : linux-gnu
configure: Host CPU : x86_64
configure: build-cpu:vendor:os: x86_64 : pc : linux-gnu :
configure: host-cpu:vendor:os: x86_64 : pc : linux-gnu :
使用菜单选项自定义您的 Asterisk 安装。
sudo make menuselect
使用键盘上的箭头键浏览菜单,然后使用Enter键进行选择。
选择要在 Asterisk 18 中安装的附加组件示例:
添加额外的核心声音包来构建的示例。
对于音乐保留,选择以下最小模块
在额外声音包上选择如下所示:
在应用程序菜单下启用app_macro
。
您可以随意启用或禁用您认为合适的任何模块。完成所有配置后,使用“保存并退出”按钮进行更新。
要在 Debian 11/Debian 10 上构建 Asterisk 18 LTS,请运行以下命令:
sudo make
构建过程应在接下来的几分钟或几秒钟内完成,具体取决于您的计算能力:
.....
[LD] res_pjsip_publish_asterisk.o -> res_pjsip_publish_asterisk.so
[CC] res_calendar_exchange.c -> res_calendar_exchange.o
[LD] res_calendar_exchange.o -> res_calendar_exchange.so
[CC] res_pjsip_registrar.c -> res_pjsip_registrar.o
[LD] res_pjsip_registrar.o -> res_pjsip_registrar.so
Building Documentation For: third-party channels pbx apps codecs formats cdr cel bridges funcs tests main res addons
+--------- Asterisk Build Complete ---------+
+ Asterisk has successfully been built, and +
+ can be installed by running: +
+ +
+ make install +
+-------------------------------------------+
最后一步是使用 make install 命令在 Debian 上安装 Asterisk:
sudo make install
步骤 5:安装后配置 Asterisk 18 LTS
安装成功后,可以安装Asterisk文档:
sudo make progdocs
安装 Asterisk 和示例的默认配置。
sudo make samples
sudo make config
sudo ldconfig
创建星号用户
创建单独的用户和组来运行星号服务,并分配正确的权限:
sudo groupadd asterisk
sudo useradd -r -d /var/lib/asterisk -g asterisk asterisk
sudo usermod -aG audio,dialout asterisk
sudo chown -R asterisk.asterisk /etc/asterisk
sudo chown -R asterisk.asterisk /var/{lib,log,spool}/asterisk
sudo chown -R asterisk.asterisk /usr/lib/asterisk
让我们确认一下 Asterisk 用户的 id:
$ id asterisk
uid=997(asterisk) gid=1001(asterisk) groups=1001(asterisk),20(dialout),29(audio)
设置 asterisk 服务运行的用户和组
$ sudo vim /etc/default/asterisk
AST_USER="asterisk"
AST_GROUP="asterisk"
asterisk使用的默认配置文件是/etc/asterisk/asterisk.conf
。您可以打开该文件并查看是否需要进行任何更改。
$ sudo vim /etc/asterisk/asterisk.conf
runuser = asterisk ; The user to run as.
rungroup = asterisk ; The group to run as.
更改后重新启动 asterisk 服务:
sudo systemctl restart asterisk
还要使该服务随系统启动而启动
$ systemctl status asterisk
● asterisk.service - LSB: Asterisk PBX
Loaded: loaded (/etc/init.d/asterisk; generated)
Active: active (running) since Wed 2021-12-08 11:20:08 UTC; 1min 24s ago
Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)
Tasks: 70 (limit: 2340)
Memory: 46.0M
CPU: 1.635s
CGroup: /system.slice/asterisk.service
└─48369 /usr/sbin/asterisk -U asterisk -G asterisk
Dec 08 11:20:08 debian-bullseye-01 systemd[1]: Starting LSB: Asterisk PBX...
Dec 08 11:20:08 debian-bullseye-01 asterisk[48355]: Starting Asterisk PBX: asterisk.
Dec 08 11:20:08 debian-bullseye-01 systemd[1]: Started LSB: Asterisk PBX.
要使用 Asterisk CLI,请运行:
$ sudo asterisk -rvv
Asterisk 18.11.1, Copyright (C) 1999 - 2021, Sangoma Technologies Corporation and others.
Created by Mark Spencer <[email >
Asterisk comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; type 'core show warranty' for details.
This is free software, with components licensed under the GNU General Public
License version 2 and other licenses; you are welcome to redistribute it under
certain conditions. Type 'core show license' for details.
=========================================================================
Connected to Asterisk 18.11.1 currently running on debian-bullseye-01 (pid = 48369)
debian-bullseye-01*CLI>
运行一些星号命令来测试功能。
debian-bullseye-01*CLI> core show uptime
System uptime: 16 minutes, 29 seconds
Last reload: 16 minutes, 29 seconds
debian-bullseye-01*CLI> core show sysinfo
System Statistics
-----------------
System Uptime: 18 hours
Total RAM: 2030244 KiB
Free RAM: 160672 KiB
Buffer RAM: 58964 KiB
Total Swap Space: 0 KiB
Free Swap Space: 0 KiB
Number of Processes: 172
debian-bullseye-01*CLI> exit
Asterisk cleanly ending (0).
Executing last minute cleanups
我们现在已经在 Debian 11/Debian 10 Linux 机器上安装并配置了 Asterisk 18 LTS。 Asterisk 官方网站上提供了详细的配置指南和完整的文档。